An '''ion''' is an
atom or
molecule which have lost or gained one or more electrons, making them negatively or positively charged. An ion consisting of a single atom is called a monatomic ion. A negatively charged ion, which has more
electrons in its
electron shells than it has
protons in its
nuclei, is known as an '''anion''' (
pronounced|ˈænaɪən; ''an-eye-on'') due to its attraction to
anode
s. A positively-charged ion, which has fewer electrons than protons, is known as a '''cation''' (
pronounced|ˈkætaɪən; ''cat-eye-on'') due to its attraction to
cathodes.
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